The Apollo program was the third human spaceflight program
carried out by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the
United States' civilian space agency. Conceived during the Presidency of Dwight
D. Eisenhower as a follow-on to Project Mercury, which put the first Americans
in space, and Project Gemini, which developed the space travel techniques
needed, Apollo succeeded in landing the first humans on Earth's Moon in 1969
through 1972. Apollo began in earnest after President John F. Kennedy proposed
the national goal of "landing a man on the Moon and returning him safely
to the Earth" by the end of the 1960s in a May 25, 1961 address to
Congress.
Kennedy's goal was accomplished with the Apollo 11 mission
when astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin landed their Lunar Module (LM)
on the Moon on July 20, 1969 and walked on its surface while Michael Collins
remained in lunar orbit in the command spacecraft, and all three landed safely
on Earth on July 24. Five subsequent Apollo missions also landed astronauts on
the Moon, the last in December 1972. In these six spaceflights, 12 men walked
on the Moon.Collins was originally slated to be the Command Module Pilot (CMP)
on Apollo 8 but was removed when he required surgery on his back and was
replaced by Jim Lovell, his backup for that flight. After Collins was medically
cleared, he took what would have been Lovell's spot on Apollo 11; as a veteran
of Apollo 8, Lovell was transferred to Apollo 11's backup crew, but promoted to
backup commander.
The triumphant Apollo 11 astronauts were greeted with a more
mundane aspect of life on Earth that was going for the customs before landing
to Honolulu ,Apollo 11 astronauts Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and
Michael Collins have to declare? Moon rocks, moon dust and other lunar samples,
according to the customs form filed at the Honolulu Airport in Hawaii on July
24, 1969 - the day the Apollo 11 crew splashed down in the Pacific Ocean to end
their historic moon landing mission. The customs form is signed by all three
Apollo 11 astronauts. They declared their cargo and listed their flight route
as starting Cape Kennedy (now Cape Canaveral) in Florida with a stopover on the
moon.
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